Eastern Fremont County Trails, Open Space & River Corridor Master Plan

EASTERN FREMONT COUNTY TRAILS, OPEN SPACE & RIVER CORRIDOR MASTER PLAN April 2015 Prepared by DHM Design Corporation “Trails have multiple values and their benefits reach far beyond recreation. Trails can enrich the quality of life for individuals, make communities more livable, and protect, nurture, and showcase America’s grandeur by traversing areas of natural beauty, distinctive geography, historic significance, and ecological diversity. Trails are important for the nation’s health, economy, resource protection and education.” –AMERICAN TRAILS, Trails for All Americans report, 1990 Acknowledgements The partners and the planning team acknowledge and thank the following individuals and organizations for their participation and assistance with this plan: Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District Jim Hoar – Executive Director Fremont County Tim Payne – County Commissioner, District 1 City of Cañon City Doug Dotson – City Administrator Rex Brady – Director of Parks and Facilities Adam Lancaster – City Engineer City of Florence Mike Patterson – City Manager Wade Broadhead – City Planner Charlette Henager – Florence City Council WKRP (Whitewater Kayak and Recreation Park) Warren Hart – Whitewater Kayak Recreation Park Will Colon – Whitewater Kayak Recreation Park FAR (Fremont Adventure Recreation) Brian Ledoux - FAR / LAMBA The Technical Working Group – Support & Advice During Planning Process Stew Pappenfort – Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area Warren Hart – Whitewater Kayak Recreation Park Will Colon – Whitewater Kayak Recreation Park Rex Brady – Director of Parks and Facilities Adam Lancaster – City Engineer Ken Berger – Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District Jim Hoar – Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District Tim Payne – County Commissioner, District 1 Mike Smith – Citizen Representative Kalem Lenard – Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District / BLM Doug Dotson – City Administrator Mike Patterson – City Manager Charlette Henager – Florence City Council Wade Broadhead – City Planner Rob White – Arkansas Headwaters Recreation Area Kristen Econome – FAR / LAMBA Brian Ledoux - FAR / LAMBA Scott Eckstrom – Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District / City Council Mike Pielow – City of Cañon City Paul Trentzsch – Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District Dawn Green - Finance Director Darrell Deling - Parks Supervisor Consultant Team Bill Neumann – DHM Design Matthew Whipple – DHM Design Rick McLaughlin – McLaughlin Whitewater This plan was made possible by a grant from Great Outdoors Colorado Table of Contents Acknowledgements Chapter One – Introduction Mission Statement . 3 Purpose of this Document and Background . 3 Study Area and Existing Condition . 6 Planning Elements . 9 Planning Process and Community Engagement . 9 Chapter Two – Guiding Principles and Components Guiding Principles . 13 Trail Types, Components and Cross Sections . 16 Chapter Three – Recommended Improvements, Layout, and Alignment Recommended Improvements - An Overview . 33 Recommended Layouts and Alignments . 36 Chapter Four – Vision to Reality: Implementation Key Implementation Considerations . 54 Leadership . 54 Roster of Projects . 55 Potential Funding Sources . 77 Building and Maintaining Community Support . 77 Management Considerations . 78 Next Steps . 78 Appendix 1. In-River Improvements . 81 2. Project Area Maps . 108 CHAPTER ONE: Introduction Mission Statement Purpose of this Document Study Area and Existing Conditions Planning Elements Planning Process and Community Engagement EASTERN FREMONT COUNTY EASTERN FREMONT COUNTY TRAILS, OPEN SPACE & RIVER CORRIDOR MASTER PLAN CHAPTER ONE Mission Statement Create a visionary and realizable master plan for a wide range of recreational opportunities and resource conservation throughout Eastern Fremont County. This plan should clearly articulate a future and legacy for the river corridor, trails, and associated open space areas. Purpose of this Document This document puts forth a master plan for the Arkansas River - It will increase property values for adjoining properties, Corridor, surrounding trail systems and open space areas within promote business development and enhancement and assist Eastern Fremont County. The plan includes specific feasible Eastern Fremont County in attracting visitors and relevancy alignments for trails, identifies open spaces for conservation, as a mountain town destination. identifies opportunities and constraints within the study area, cost estimates and phasing suggestions suitable for raising - It will promote better community health through fitness and funds and support for future implementation. regular physical activity. It is intended to guide, step-by-step, the creation of a trail and - This plan also proposes to promote (through increased “greenway” network along the 16-mile river corridor between public awareness and cooperative planning with adjacent the Royal Gorge and the Blue Heron Park, just east of the City landowners) the stewardship, clean-up and enhancement of of Florence, along with connections and a network of trails the river corridor environment, especially the scenic character, through the open spaces and developed areas of Eastern as well as the flora, fauna, and habitat values. Fremont County. Destinations will include the Royal Gorge, Centennial Park, John Griffith Park, Pathfinder Park, Florence The vision for the Eastern Fremont County Trails, Open Space River Park, the downtown business areas in Cañon City and and River Corridor Master Plan grew out of a coordinated Florence, the “Coal Towns”, Dawson Ranch, and the hogbacks. effort by Cañon City Area Recreation and Park District, It also strives to access scenic and more rural agricultural areas Fremont County, the cities of Cañon City and Florence, towns proximate to the river corridor. of Brookside, Williamsburg, Rockvale, and Coalcreek, community members and activists. The master plan was previously outlined With its ability to provide communal access to vital locales, in 1997 and a number of the parts of that plan have

HISTORY OF THE TOIYABE NATIONAL FOREST A Compilation Posting the Toiyabe National Forest Boundary, 1924 Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Chronology . 4 Bridgeport and Carson Ranger District Centennial . 126 Forest Histories . 127 Toiyabe National Reserve: March 1, 1907 to Present . 127 Toquima National Forest: April 15, 1907 – July 2, 1908 . 128 Monitor National Forest: April 15, 1907 – July 2, 1908 . 128 Vegas National Forest: December 12, 1907 – July 2, 1908 . 128 Mount Charleston Forest Reserve: November 5, 1906 – July 2, 1908 . 128 Moapa National Forest: July 2, 1908 – 1915 . 128 Nevada National Forest: February 10, 1909 – August 9, 1957 . 128 Ruby Mountain Forest Reserve: March 3, 1908 – June 19, 1916 .

Wind River High Route !Section 1: Green River Lakes Trailhead to Upper Indian Basin! ! The hike starts with the gentlest of introductions. A mellow wander up the flat and scenic drainage of the Green River for the first few hours, with excellent views of Squaretop Mountain. From the Green River Lakes trailhead, take the trail that heads along the eastern shore of the two turquoise colored Green River Lakes. This trail is marked as both the Highline Trail and the Continental Divide Trail. After passing the two lakes, the trail begins a very gradual climb toward Three Forks Park, which is reached after several hours of hiking. At Three Forks Park the trail turns abruptly west and you begin your ascent into the high country, climbing to just above 10000 feet and over Vista Pass. A slight drop and then a climb into a rocky basin towards Cube Rock Pass will bring you above 10000 feet once again. The High Route will stay above 10000 feet for the next 5 or 6 days, not dropping below this barrier until the final hike out to the car, just !a few miles from the Big Sandy Trailhead.! From Cube Rock Pass continue on the trail toward Peak Lake. There is decent camping on the west side of Peak Lake, but even better camping in the basin just east of the lake. From the outlet of Peak Lake, curve around its north shore, passing through a large talus slide that drops all the way to the shore. Then wander east toward Knapsack Col.

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Entomology Papers from Other Sources Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous 1991 Preserved Grasshopper Fauna Of Knife Point Glacier, Fremont County, Wyoming, U.S.A. Jeffrey A. Lockwood Craig D. Thompson Larry D. Debrey Charles M. Love Richard A Nunamaker See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother Part of the Entomology Commons Lockwood, Jeffrey A.; Thompson, Craig D.; Debrey, Larry D.; Love, Charles M.; Nunamaker, Richard A; and Pfadt, Robert E., "Preserved Grasshopper Fauna Of Knife Point Glacier, Fremont County, Wyoming, U.S.A." (1991). Entomology Papers from Other Sources. 48. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologyother/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology Collections, Miscellaneous at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Entomology Papers from Other Sources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Jeffrey A. Lockwood, Craig D. Thompson, Larry D. Debrey, Charles M. Love, Richard A Nunamaker, and Robert E. Pfadt This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ entomologyother/48 Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1991, pp. 108-114 PRESERVEDGRASSHOPPER FAUNA OF KNIFE POINT GLACIER, FREMONT COUNTY,WYOMING, U.S.A. JEFFREY A. LOCKWOOD,* CRAIG D. THOMPSON,t LARRY D. DEBREY,* CHARLES M. LOVE,t RICHARD A NUNAMAKER,t AND ROBERT E. PFADT* ABSTRACT In 1987 and 1988, samples of preserved insects were extracted from the ice of Knife Point Glacier, Fremont County, Wyoming.

Yorkshire Ramblers’ Club Overseas Meet Wind River Range Wyoming, US August 2017 A three-week Backpackers: five-member David Hick climbing and Alan Kay backpacking trip Climbers: to ‘The Winds’ Tim Josephy timed to observe the total eclipse Michael Smith of the Sun Richard Smith The Winds from Photographers’ Point The genesis of this meet was twofold. Years interested backpackers were happy to backpack earlier Alan had received a recommendation for several days at a time. from a fellow backpacker that the Winds were By the early 2017 the plan was: fly into Denver; the best area in the States for the serious acclimatise with short hikes; watch the eclipse; backpacker – a range for connoisseurs – and his backpack near the Cirque or climb there with a subsequent research confirmed the horse and wrangler taking in the climbing gear; attractiveness of its lakes, alpine terrain, bare then move round to Pinedale in the west of the rock and dozens of 4,000m peaks. range and backpack in to Titcomb Basin below Independently, Michael, returning from the Fremont Peak; then if time allowed stop off at Tetons spotted the range and heard of its Rocky Mountain National Park for a journey- potential for rock climbing. This was in 2016 breaking day on the way back home. and publicity relating to the 2017 total solar eclipse showed its path passing close to the The outcome was a successful trip with a wide Winds. An envisaged a llama supported trek did variety of contrasting experiences for both not find favour on account of lack of backpackers and climbers.

‘:. OIGoN HIsToRIc TPms REPORT I ii Presented by the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council May, 1998 h I Oregon Historic Trails Report Table of Contents . Executive summary 1 Project history 3 Introduction to Oregon’s Historic Trails 7 C Oregon’s National Historic Trails 11 C Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail 13 Oregon National Historic Trail 27 Applegate National Historic Trail 47 a Nez Perce National Historic Trail 63 C Oregon’s Historic Trails 75 Kiamath Trail, 19th Century 77 o Jedediah Smith Route, 1828 87 Nathaniel Wyeth Route, 1832/1834 99 C Benjamin Bonneville Route, 1833/1834 115 o Ewing Young Route, 1834/1837 129 Whitman Mission Route, 1841-1847 141 c Upper Columbia River Route, 1841-1851 167 John Fremont Route, 1843 183 o Meek Cutoff, 1845 199 o Cutoff to the Barlow Road, 1848-1884 217 Free Emigrant Road, 1853 225 o Santiam Wagon Road, 1865-1939 233 C General recommendations 241 Product development guidelines 243 Acknowledgements 247 4Xt C’ Executive summary C The Board of Directors and staff of the Oregon Trails Coordinating Council present the Oregon Historic Trails Report, the first step in the development of a statewide Oregon Historic C Trails Program. The Oregon Historic Trails Report is a general guide and planning document that will help future efforts to develop historic trail resources in Oregon. o The objective of the Oregon Historic Trails Program is to establish Oregon as the nation’s leader in developing historic trails for their educational, recreational, and economic values. The Oregon Historic Trails Program, when fully implemented, will help preserve and leverage C existing heritage resources while promoting rural economic development and growth through C heritage tourism.

THESIS THE FATE OF DINWOODY GLACIER: PRESENT STATE OF MASS BALANCE AND DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS OF GLACIER RUNOFF. Submitted by Brooke E. Stamper Graduate Degree Program in Ecology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2018 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Andrew K. Bliss Neil S. Grigg Steven R. Fassnacht Copyright by Brooke E. Stamper 2018 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT THE FATE OF DINWOODY GLACIER: PRESENT STATE OF MASS BALANCE AND DOWNSTREAM IMPACTS OF GLACIER RUNOFF. The Wind River Range in Wyoming supports many of the few remaining continental glaciers of the North American Rocky Mountains; the glacier meltwater runoff feeds four major river sys- tems within the U.S. West. Runoff from glaciers affects downstream ecosystems by influencing the quantity, seasonality, and chemistry of the water. We describe the present state of Dinwoody Glacier, the fourth largest glacier in the Wind River Range. We utilize photogrammetry, snow depth measurements, and ablation measurements to characterize surface mass balance for summer of 2017. Localized and nearby stream gauge measurements help to quantify glacial meltwater runoff inputs to Dinwoody Creek. Both of these methods allowed us to put the changes of the Dinwoody Glacier into the broader context of the Missouri River Watershed. If melted, Dinwoody Glacier would no longer provide a reliable source of melt water for thousands of people living in the Missouri River Watershed. Understanding how shrinking glaciers and decreasing melt-water runoff will impact communities and ecosystems downstream is critical for effective environmental management. The response of the Wind River glaciers to future climate is uncertain; however, past research has shown declines in glacial mass, snow cover, snowmelt timing and stream power.

Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Four Engineers on the Missouri: Long, Fremont, Humphreys, and Warren Full Citation: Lawrence C Allin, “Four Engineers on the Missouri: Long, Fremont, Humphreys, and Warren,” Nebraska History 65 (1984): 58-83 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1984Engineers.pdf Date: 12/16/2013 Article Summary: Engineers brought scientific method to the examination of the Missouri River Basin. They found a railroad route into the west and helped open the continent. Cataloging Information: Names: Stephen H Long, John Charles (“Pathfinder”) Fremont, Jessie Benton Fremont, Andrew A Humphreys, Gouverneur Kemble Warren, Henry Atkinson, John R Bell, Joseph Nicolas Nicollet, Charles Geyer, Thomas Hart Benton, Peter A Sarpy, Jim Bridger, Charles Preuss, William H Emory, Jefferson Davis, Stephen A Douglas, John W Gunnison, Edward G Beckwith, Edwin James, Samuel

This is a transcription of a 1965 document cataloged in the R4 History Collection as R4-1680-2009-0274. BRIDGER HISTORY NOTES Source: Harmon Shannon Justice of Peace Pinedale, Wyoming Mr. Shannon is a former U.S.F.S. District Ranger. He served as the principle District Ranger on the Green River Ranger District from November 16, 1922, to December 31, 1951. The investigator found Mr. Shannon to be keen of mind and more than willing to share his portion of the Bridger National Forest’s past history. Mr. Shannon was the last ranger on the Green River District without a formal education in the Science of Forestry. The following text has been compiled to represent the period in which Mr. Shannon served as District Ranger. Some dates are not firm in his recall, hence we shall show them with a question mark. The outline below follows the pattern suggested in R-4 1658.41 supp. #153, 2/64. The topic headings will be shown, but the reader will be guided by the above reference for the sub- topics. Deviations or additional sub-topics will be stated within the text. [Editor’s note: this explains why numbers/letters are not always sequential.] 4. Early Administration a. Willow Creek Ranger Station The following men have served at the Willow Creek Station: 1. John Allen – 1907-1917 (Documented) 2. _______ Terry 3. Bert Clark – 1921-1922 (a former Ranger from Cody 1916-1919) 4. Harmon Shannon – 1922-1926 This Ranger Station changed to a Guard Station in 1926. b. Kendall Ranger Station 1.

NATIONAL FOREST WYOMING 1940 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE •K FOREST SERVICE WYOMING NATIONAL FOREST WYOMING Welcome! IGNS erected at the entrances to the Wyoming S National Forest bid welcome to all visitors. That welcome, however, goes far beyond the signs, and into every city, village, and hamlet. There is something within this magnificent forest for every citizen of the country. The scenic grandeur of the lofty mountains and wooded slopes, the placid lakes and dashing streams, together with wildlife and rec­ reation retreats, all within the forest boundaries, are for use and enjoyment of the whole people. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE INTERMOUNTAIN REGION OGDEN, UTAH MF-3: R. 2 COVER PHOTO.— Green River Lake, in the heart of the Rockies—a calm retreat of unsurpassed beauty. F-2GC937 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - WASHINGTON : 1940 F-349432 Trail riders pitching camp in the Bridges Wilderness Area. -II- ATOP THE CONTINENT IGH UP on the west slope of the Wind River Mountains and atop the H Wyoming and Salt River Ranges, spurs of the main range of the Rockies, lies the Wyoming National Forest. This area, twice the size of Rhode Island and overlooked by peaks more than 13,000 feet in elevation, is truly on top of the continent. Water from its slopes drains north, east, south, and west, eventually becoming part of one ocean, two gulfs, and one inland lake. To the north and west are Greys River and Salt River, important tributaries of the Snake which meanders on to the Columbia River and thence to the Pacific Ocean.

SECTION 1 NORTHWESTERN AREA INCLUDING JACKSON, DUBOIS, PINEDALE AND STAR VALLEY 2 Food, Lodging Afton Pop. 1,818, Elev. 6,134 Named ironically for the line in a Robert Burns poem, (“Flow gently, sweet Afton”) this town Section 1 below the Salt Range is situated by the turbulent Swift Creek. A genuine small town, it is the cen- tral business hub of Star Valley, which was settled by pioneers from the LDS (Mormon) church in 1879. The winter of 1879-1880 was brutal, but they endured the near starvation and frigid tem- peratures. In the center of town, the Afton Tabernacle still stands as a monument to their fortitude. The signature Elkhorn Arch nearby, which spans Main Street, is made of over 3,000 antlers. Afton celebrated its first 100 years in 2002. Though still a dominantly agricultural community, locals have embraced tourism, which has resulted from the overflow of visitors to the Jackson and the Wind River areas. Dairy farming made the valley famous for its cheese, especially hard-to-make Swiss. Afton is probably most I recently associated with being the hometown of NCLUDING The Teton Mountain Range is visible from many parts of this area. Rulon Gardner, Greco-Roman wrestling Gold Medallist in the 2000 Summer Olympics. He was not the first Afton Gardner to gain national atten- trains seven days. Lander, with a crew of 15 1 Lodging tion as an athlete. In 1947, Vern Gardner was engineers, surveyed the route in the summer of J named an All American basketball player, and ACKSON Smoot 1857.

H. CH API-NT. / BANCROFT LIBRARY BANCROFT LIBRARY MOUNTAINEERING IN COLORADO. MOUNTAINEERING IN COLORADO Clje |&eafes &bout BY FREDERICK H.^CHAPIN BOSTON APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN CLUB 1889 F 71'i Copyright, 1889, BY FREDERICK HASTINGS CHAPIN, SCniittrsitg frtss: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE. SCo tlje OF A. L. S. C. WHO WAS A LOVER OF THE MOUNTAINS AND OF ALL THAT IS BEAUTIFUL AMONG THEM, AND WHOSE COMPANIONSHIP INSPIRED THIS VOLUME. PKEFACE. day for making striking discoveries in THEthe Kocky Mountains is past. It is now three centuries and more, since Alvaro Cabeqa de Vaca with three followers traversed the con- tinent from the Gulf of Mexico to the Spanish settlements on the Pacific coast. His wanderings led him through the region now known as New Mexico ; thus he beheld and crossed the southern Rockies. Nearly a hundred and fifty years later, two French explorers, the brothers La Ve'rendrye, crossed the prairies from the great lakes, and, reach- ing a point near the sources of the Yellowstone River, were the first white men to look upon the northern peaks. Since the day of these early adventurers the exploring parties of Lewis and Clark, Pike, Long, and Fremont have opened the and more the better ex- way ; recently equipped peditions of Hayden, Powell, King, and others have explored the sierras and canons, especially those of Colorado. IV PKEFACE. There remain only byways and corners to be more searched and fortunate will be thoroughly ; the adventurer who finds anything of note that has not already been seen and written about by the indefatigable members of survey parties that have preceded him.

Summits on the Air U.S.A. (W7Y-Wyoming) Association Reference Manual Document Reference S58.1 Issue number 1.05 Date of issue 12-Feb-2014 Participation start date 01-Nov-2010 Authorised Date 01-Nov-2010 obo SOTA Management Team Association Manager Guy Hamblen, N7UN Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged. Summits on the Air – ARM for U.S.A. (W7Y-Wyoming) Table of Contents 1 ASSOCIATION REFERENCE DATA . 4 1.1 PROGRAM DERIVATION . 4 1.2 GENERAL INFORMATION . 5 1.3 FINAL ASCENT AND ACTIVATION ZONE EXPLAINED . 5 1.4 RIGHTS OF WAY AND ACCESS ISSUES . 6 1.5 MAPS AND NAVIGATION . 6 1.6 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS .